How to Find the Symbol of an Ion

This worked chemistry problem demonstrates how to determine the symbol for the ion when given the number of protons and electrons. Problem: Give the symbol of an ion that has 10 e- and 7 p. Solution: The notation e- refers to electrons and p refers to protons. The number of protons is an elements atomic number. Use the periodic table to find the element with an atomic number of 7. This element is nitrogen, which has the symbol N. The problem states that there are more electrons than protons, so we know the ion has a negative net charge. Determine the net charge by looking at the difference in the number of protons and electrons: 10 - 7 3 more electrons than protons, or a 3- charge. Answer: N3- Conventions for Writing Ions When writing the symbol for an ion, the one- or two-letter element symbol is written first, followed by a superscript. The superscript has the number of charges on the ion followed by a (for positive ions or cations) or - (for negative ions or anions). Neutral atoms have a charge of zero, so no superscript is given. If the charge is /- one, the 1 is omitted. So, for example, the charge on a chlorine ion would be written as Cl-, not Cl1-. General Guidelines for Finding Ions When the numbers of protons and electrons are given, its easy to figure out the ionic charge. More often, you wont be given this information. You can use the periodic table to predict many ions. The first group (alkali metals) usually have a 1 charge; the second group (alkaline earths) usually have a 2 charge; halogens usually have a -1 charge; and noble gases typically dont form ions. The metals form a wide variety of ions, usually with a positive charge.

Symptoms And Treatment Of Depression - 1431 Words

Introduction: What is Depression? Depression is a type of mood disorder characterized by persistent and profound sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, and feelings of worthlessness. While depression may be a common disorder in many cultures, not many people know about its different types and more importantly how to help themselves or others in the recovery process. There are in fact multiple types of depressive conditions each characterized by its own causes, courses, patterns outcomes, and specific types of treatment. The most common disorders include: bipolar disorder, depressive personality disorder, and major depressive disorder. Of the more common conditions, major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses in the United States each year. Symptoms of this unique condition include a lack of energy, a loss of interest in usual activities, a loss of ability to concentrate, suicidal thoughts, as well as appetite and sleep disturbances. These symptoms typically last for two or m ore weeks and often interfere with relationships and responsibilities related to school, work, and home. Causes of the Disorder There has yet to be a single cause linked to this particular mental condition. This illness has been assumed to be the result of a combination of factors, including: genetic, biochemical, and social factors. Various studies have confirmed that genetic factors play a role in most forms of depression. Studies have shown that if one parentShow MoreRelatedDepression Symptoms And Treatment Of Depression935 Words   |  4 Pagestreated for depression but your symptoms haven t improved, you may have treatment-resistant depression. Taking an antidepressant or going to psychological counseling (psychotherapy) eases depression symptoms for most people. But with treatment-resistant depression, standard treatments aren t enough. They may not help much at all, or your symptoms may improve, only to keep coming back. If your primary care doctor prescribed antidepressants and your depression symptoms continue despite treatment, ask yourRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1015 Words   |  5 Pagesmoods, thinking or behavior. Fortunately, treatment for mental illness or mental disorders can lead to recovery; and although treatment may include medication, it ideally also includes psychosocial therapies and support. The mental illness I will focus on is a mood disorder called depression, or major depressive disorder. Depression is the most common mood disorder, and one of the most common mental illnesses. Depression is a mood disorder clinical depression affects how you feel, think and behave andRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Depression1274 Words   |  6 PagesDepression is a major issue affecting many in a person’s everyday life. There are many ways to combat depression, whether it be medication such as antidepressants or therapeutic treatments such as psychotherapy, electroc onvulsive therapy, light therapy or even herbal remedies. (â€Å"Diseases and Disorders: Depression†). Antidepressants temporarily stop depression, but since the side effects can be harmful or life threatening, alternative treatments are a much safer and efficient way to combat depressionRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1230 Words   |  5 Pagesmood disorder are really common and can seek treatment but some can be really rare and hard to cure even with treatment. Some of the major types of mood disorders are depression, anxiety, bipolar, and schizophrenia. Anybody at any age can develop a mental disorder, usually occurred during times of painful events or traumatizing experiences. Depression is a serious illness that caused by changes in the brain chemistry. Many people believed that depression is feeling down or sad, however, it is actuallyRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Treatment Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Depression? Depression is a condition in which a person feels discouraged, sad, hopeless, unmotivated, or disinterested in life in general (Depression II). Depression is a serious mental illness that does the aforementioned as well as much more. When a person is depressed, it can interfere with daily and normal functioning as well as can cause pain for the person with it and those around them, and this is what doctors call ‘Clinical Depression’. Depression is more than just a simple sadness;Read MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1468 Words   |  6 PagesManagement of Care Depression is one of the major causes of disabilities and it can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, race, or culture. People who suffer from depression are a higher risk for suicide, and that is magnified if there is any family history of suicide, or other history of disorders like anxiety or panic attacks. Other conditions that can be attributed to a poor prognosis for a person who is depressed is history of substance abuse, low self-esteem, someone who is chronically illRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1180 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Depression is a serious and prevalent problem in the 21st century and had been for a long time. It is the most common mood disorder and has a lifetime prevalence rate of 6-25% in international studies (Carr, 2012). Reliable diagnosis is vital for the study of mental disorders (Fried, Epskamp, Nesse, Tuerlinckx Borsboom, 2016) and with the rising issue that depression is, individuals with multiple chronic diseases can be tackling depression occurring at the same time thus, it may complicateRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression881 Words   |  4 Pages Depression is a word that people commonly use in everyday life. On any given day you will hear someone say I am feeling depressed, that was depressing, exc, but depression is not just a state of being but  a serious medical condition in which a person feels very sad, hopeless, and unimportant and often is unable to live in a normal way. Because of overuse of this word, people often mistake when someone should be medically diagnosed with depression for them just being sad. This is problematicRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1716 Words   |  7 PagesSevere depression can have a devastating effects on not only individuals, but also on their families and communities. Depressive disorders when severe or prolonged enough can cause some patients to seek to harm themselves, or worse; to seek to end their lives. While over the last century there have been significant strides in the treatment of depression, there still is much work to be done. May medication that treat depres sion take a long time for patient to reach therapeutic dosages, mean that patientsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1781 Words   |  8 Pagesscientists agree on how to distinguish and define these forms of depression. Psychotic depression occurs when a severe depressive illness is accompanied by some form of psychosis, such as a break with reality, hallucinations, and delusions. Postpartum depression is diagnosed if a mother develops a major depressive episode within one month after childbirth. It is estimated that ten to fifteen percent of women experience postpartum depression after giving birth. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a depressive

The Good Earth’s Relationship Between Wang Lung and O-Lan Free Essays

The relationship between O-lan and Wang Lung is stabilized by O-lan’s hard work and resourcefulness, based largely upon a woman’s inferiority, and threatened by superficial tendencies. Their affiliation also ends romantically with the loss of love and is regretted, in the end, with sufficient sympathy. O-lan proves to be beneficial through means of outdoor labor. We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Earth’s Relationship Between Wang Lung and O-Lan or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the afternoon she took a hoe and a basket and these upon her shoulder she went to the main road leading into the city where mules and donkeys and horses carried burdens to and fro, and there she picked the droppings from the animals and carried it home and piled the manure in the dooryard for fertilizer for the fields† (Buck 29). O-lan also proves her helpfulness by performing household chores, to much of Wang Lung’s appreciation. â€Å"And she took their ragged clothes and with thread herself spun on a bamboo spindle from a wad of cotton she mended and contrived to cover the rents in their winter clothes† (Buck 29). Although this is true, Wang Lung’s gratitude towards O-lan appears repressed as he constantly hides his feelings for her in the beginning. The protagonist immediately becomes mortified by his affection for O-lan. â€Å"And then he was ashamed of his own curiosity and of his interest in her† (Buck 30). Wang Lung subsequently attempts to dissuade these thoughts. O-lan’s aid and usefulness obviously weakens the tension between both spouses and creates a more mutual, stable life at home. Arguments are rarely heard amongst the lips of either husband or wife. This may be due to O-lan’s unusual quietness. â€Å"But she never talked, this woman, except for the brief necessities of life† (Buck 30). This silence almost utterly terminates all heated conversations. However, it also enhances her appearance as a slave and overall working image. â€Å"But in the day her clothes, her plain blue cotton coat and trousers, covered all that he knew, and she was like a faithful, speechless serving maid, who is only a serving maid and nothing more† (Buck 30). Women, in ancient cultures are, as shown in The Good Earth, thought to be of lesser value than that of men. She was, after all, only a woman† (Buck 30). On numerous occasions, O-lan is treated as if she is a piece of property obtained by her new husband. â€Å"It seemed that during these next months he did nothing except watch this woman of his† (Buck 28). Wang Lung acts this way due to the environment in which he grew from, where both elders and men reign, leaving women at the bottom of the totem pole. Wang Lung’s uncle once questioned, â€Å"Have you not heard it said that in the Sacred Edicts it is commanded that a man is never to correct an elder,† (Buck 66). As the novel progresses, Wang Lung’s thoughts of his wife’s exterior begin to surface as superficial tendencies emerge. He complains of her horrid hair and rough features. â€Å"He saw for the first time that her hair was rough and brown and unoiled and that her face was large and flat coarse-skinned, and her features too large altogether and without any sort of beauty or light† (Buck 179-180). These cruel comments are the first slap in the face of O-lan, as Wang Lung’s manly instincts begin to kick in and he discovers beauty abroad. Lotus enters the story when Wang Lung gives into the temptation of lust. He buys her, despite the fact that he is a married man. Threatening the relationship between O-lan and Wang Lung, Lotus slowly tears the couple apart even more than they were before. Earlier in the novel, during the raid of an aristocrat’s home, O-lan finds many valuable gems within the walls. Once money becomes a necessity, Wang Lung asks for the gems in order to grant them to the House of Hwang in return for additional land. O-lan is allowed to keep only two of her choosing and she quickly decides on two pearls: And he was moved by something he did not understand and he pulled the jewels from his bosom and unwrapped them and handed them to her in silence, and she searched among the glittering colors, her hard brown hand turning over the stones delicately and lingeringly until she found the two smooth white pearls, and these she took, and tying up the others again, she gave them back to him. (Buck 157-158) These white spheres represent more than just the upcoming twins. They also symbolize Wang Lung’s love for O-lan, no matter how limited it may be. Once Wang Lung becomes completely entangled inside Lotus’s web of desire, he demands that O-lan give him the pearls at once so he could, in turn, award them to his concubine. This simple act may be construed as Wang Lung’s thievery of his affection for O-lan and Lotus’s gain in the matter. As O-lan begins to die, she utters a phrase that entirely reveals all of her inner thoughts. â€Å"Well I know I am ugly and cannot be loved—,† (Buck 277). These ideas show her lack in confidence that may have been even more destroyed with Wang Lung’s brutal behavior and harsh words. Wang Lung, however, felt guilt beyond measure and â€Å"wondered and grieved at himself most of all because what she said was true, and even when he took her hand, desiring truly that she feel his tenderness towards her, he was ashamed because he could feel no tenderness, no melting of the heart such as Lotus could win from him with a pout of her lips† (Buck 277). This not only serves as evidence of Wang Lung’s sympathy towards O-lan and his regret for everything that he induced. It also reiterates the fact that Wang Lung and O-lan’s relationship changed instantaneously as his feelings for Lotus blossomed. How to cite The Good Earth’s Relationship Between Wang Lung and O-Lan, Papers

Stress and Its Impacts at Workplace-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Stress and Its Impacts at Workplace. Answer: Stress can be defined as state of mind which is developed under the pressure of extremely demanding situation at work place. Work related stress Work related stress is caused by the tension that arises from deterioration of work situation and inability of a person to adopt that situation (Hassard et al. 2018). Excessive demand of job which does not fit into the comfort level of a worker, uncertainty about the security and stability of job, conflict between workers and managers, constant changes in the pattern of work, lack of opportunities can also be referred as work related stress. The work related stress also includes harassments which can be in form of sexual harassment or bullying a person. The impacts of work related stress can cause mismanagement at work place .It can also decrease the productivity of workers and can increase the issue of absenteeism and lack of motivation among workers (Hassard et al. 2018).Work related stress can damage the good will of the organization. Non Work related stress Stress which does not its source at work place can be defined as non-work related stress. Family problems or financial problems or health related problems can create a stressful situation for a worker (Peckham, Hajat and Seixas 2016). Social disorientation can also lead a person to a stressful situation. Non-work related stress can make a worker inattentive at the workplace which can decrease that persons productivity (Peckham, Hajat and Seixas 2016). It also affects the mental stability of a worker and behavioral issues of that person at workplace may arise. This type of stress can also undermine the work-life balance. References Hassard, J., Teoh, K.R., Visockaite, G., Dewe, P. and Cox, T., 2018. The cost of work-related stress to society: A systematic review.Journal of occupational health psychology,23(1), p.1. Peckham, T., Hajat, A. and Seixas, N., 2016. P246 Measurement and integration of work-and non-work-related psychosocial stressors.

Being Considered a Misfit Essay Sample free essay sample

The narrative that is traveling to be argued in this essay is â€Å"A Good Man is Difficult to Find† . by Flannery O’Connor. Person can cognize a individual their whole life but yet neer genuinely know what they are capable of making. The â€Å"misfit† in the narrative could be a good cat but had something awful happen to him that made him get down desiring to kill people. We would state a misfit is person that is different from others but we are all different in our ain manner. Does this mean that all of us are misfits? To some peoples positions being a Misfit can be considered a positive or negative thing. Cipher can be a true misfit because everyone has different things about them. A misfit is person that is â€Å"poorly adapted to a state of affairs or environment† ( Merriam-Webster ) . Harmonizing to the definition of what a misfit is ; anyone that is unfamiliar with a topographic point. We will write a custom essay sample on Being Considered a Misfit Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page would be considered a â€Å"misfit. † Person can be considered a misfit by their different spiritual beliefs. the music they listen to or even their love affair penchant. If person has a group of friends that are all Catholic but they are non. they would be considered a Misfit. A babe that is merely born is a misfit to this universe because it is unfamiliar being outside of his or her mother’s tummy. There are several grounds on why one individual can be considered a misfit. If a individual has one thing different from another they would both be considered misfits. It largely comes down to whether how person considers what a misfit is and what the individual has done to be considered a misfit. The manner a batch of people would see a misfit as being a positive thing unless they are considered a misfit by making something like the character in the narrative. Harmonizing to Blue Skye that wrote an article on â€Å"The Positives of Bing a â€Å"Misfit† . provinces. â€Å"Those who have an limited sum of a societal life can concentrate a batch on themselves and the universe. Therefore. they are intelligent people† ( Mancouch ) . Bing considered a misfit could hold many positive facets to the individual. A individual that is so different from others have adapted themselves to the universe better and have the cognition and apprehension of things that most people don†™t have. They are able to hold a better apprehension with things because they are more observant because no one pays much attending to them. If being a misfit has positive facets so they wouldn’t truly be a â€Å"misfit† . A individual that is really intelligent and has much more knowledge so most would be considered a alone individual but in the same sense a alone individual is a misfit. Unique is defined as. â€Å"not typical or unusual† ( Dictionary ) . Therefore. in all world everyone is alone every bit good as being a misfit in life. The misfit in the narrative. â€Å"A Good Man is Difficult to Find† . is considered a misfit because he was put in prison for killing his male parent. Even though he believes he did non kill his male parent as he states. â€Å"My daddy died in 19 ought 19s of epidemic grippe and I neer had a thing to make with it† ( Legacies 1243 ) . The misfit does believe in a manner that he did kill his male parent because physicians have documents on it. although they won’t show him the documents and turn out to him that he did kill his male parent. The misfit in the narrative believes he is a misfit because of him being charged for killing his male parent and everyone looking down on him for it. If he is already considered a misfit he assumes he shall merely maintain making actions that make him even more of a misfit. He is already non accepted in the universe so why should he seek to do it to where he is accepted? This could be one of the grounds there are so many offenses in this universe because person is wrongfully accused of something and are neer given a 2nd opportunity at turn outing they truly are a good individual. Since they are non given that 2nd opportunity they continue to fulfill others of their rubric of being a â€Å"Misfit† . Plants Citied â€Å"MisfitAbout Our Definitions: All Forms of a Word ( noun. Verb. Etc. ) Are Now Displayed on One Page. † Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. n. d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/misfit gt ; . The Positives of Bing a â€Å"Misfit† | Mancouch. † The Positives of Bing a â€Å"Misfit† | Mancouch. N. p. . n. d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mancouch. com/718330179/the-positives-of-being-a-misfit/ gt ; . â€Å"Unique. † Dictionary. com. Dictionary. com. n. d. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //dictionary. mention. com/browse/unique? s=t gt ; .

Free Essays on Religion In Vietnam

Vietnam can be recognized for its tolerance for different beliefs. Article 70 in the Vietnamese constitution states: â€Å"The citizen shall enjoy freedom of belief and of religion; he can follow any religion or follow none. All religions are equal before the law. The places of worship of all faiths and religions are protected by the law. No one can violate freedom of belief and of religion; no one can misuse belief and religions to contravene the law and the State policies.† The religions most practiced in Vietnam include: Buddhist, Hoa Hao, Cao Dai, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic, some Protestant), indigenous beliefs, and Muslim. Around 1920 there was an organized movement for the restoration of Buddhism. For the Buddist, life is seen as a â€Å"vast sea of suffering.† Wisdom lies in the suppression of desires: desires for life, happiness, riches, power, etc. which are considered the root of human suffering. Buddhism is also a religion that involves believing in the Laws of Karma, which is basically the belief that what goes around comes around. Do unto others as you would have others do unto you. The Buddist believes that you are rewarded for the good things and punished for the bad things you do in this life, in the next. The present existence is conditioned by earlier existence and will condition those to fo llow. Most of the Christians that are in Vietnam are Catholics. Protestants Missions have operated in the country since World War II. Some Vietnamese people who practiced other religions looked down upon Protestants because of the association with American missionaries of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, Protestents were considered to have suffered more than Catholics after 1975. In 1965 there were about 1.5 million Catholics in the South and a good majority of the priests and nuns were Vietnamese. Confucianism was and is also a major spirituality in Vietnam to the point where it has had an affect on government.... Free Essays on Religion In Vietnam Free Essays on Religion In Vietnam Vietnam can be recognized for its tolerance for different beliefs. Article 70 in the Vietnamese constitution states: â€Å"The citizen shall enjoy freedom of belief and of religion; he can follow any religion or follow none. All religions are equal before the law. The places of worship of all faiths and religions are protected by the law. No one can violate freedom of belief and of religion; no one can misuse belief and religions to contravene the law and the State policies.† The religions most practiced in Vietnam include: Buddhist, Hoa Hao, Cao Dai, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic, some Protestant), indigenous beliefs, and Muslim. Around 1920 there was an organized movement for the restoration of Buddhism. For the Buddist, life is seen as a â€Å"vast sea of suffering.† Wisdom lies in the suppression of desires: desires for life, happiness, riches, power, etc. which are considered the root of human suffering. Buddhism is also a religion that involves believing in the Laws of Karma, which is basically the belief that what goes around comes around. Do unto others as you would have others do unto you. The Buddist believes that you are rewarded for the good things and punished for the bad things you do in this life, in the next. The present existence is conditioned by earlier existence and will condition those to fo llow. Most of the Christians that are in Vietnam are Catholics. Protestants Missions have operated in the country since World War II. Some Vietnamese people who practiced other religions looked down upon Protestants because of the association with American missionaries of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, Protestents were considered to have suffered more than Catholics after 1975. In 1965 there were about 1.5 million Catholics in the South and a good majority of the priests and nuns were Vietnamese. Confucianism was and is also a major spirituality in Vietnam to the point where it has had an affect on government....

Project Management Strategic Issues Assignment

Project Management Strategic Issues - Assignment Example The design of the building was given by  Enric  Miralles  and the construction of the building started in June 1999. The project was a constant target of disagreement and condemnation for the choice of the site, complex design and costs incurred. The final completion date of the building was in 2004, which was almost three years behind the original schedule and the project overran the cost of ?40m to ?414m which was many folds higher than the allocated budget. The major reason for the cost overrun as explained in the public enquiry by Peter Fraser in 2003 were the inefficient methods in which most important design changes were executed by the  Holyrood  project team. The paper undertakes a detailed study of the Scottish Parliament project, the reasons of the failure of the project, the course of direction as the project advanced to its final stage and the  recommendations  that could have saved the failure of the project followed by conclusion. ... The Management appeared to be unable to give a clear perception of the Quality v/s Cost aspect of the Project, which led to complications later on.  The initial cost estimate of the New Project at  Holyrood  was  GBP  40  Miilion, subsequently revised to  GBP  50 Million. However this was never believed to have any sanctity. The Acting Minister of Scotland, Mr. Donald Dewar desired the project to be completed as early as possible. The process of selecting the Construction Management was done without adequate regard for the risk factors. Quality was the over-riding priority in the scheme of things, rather than cost and timely execution. It was much later when the delay became a very visible issue that stress was laid on completing it early. Even at that stage no rescheduling of the work to reflect the acceleration of pace was done. The cost escalated unreasonably because of the numerous design additions and alterations demanded by the client. Fig 2: Escalated Costs sin ce Sep 2000 2.2 Lack of Budget Clarity The Project was managed through Construction by Contracting.  The utilization of this type  of project management methodology permits the initiation of the on-site construction before the finalization of the complete project design. This strategy helps to reduce the time. However, in the case of the  Holyrood  project, no main contractor was hired  initially  and the client hired as many as 60 small time individual contractors whose services were taken up at different times. These individual contractors were to work under a construction management  firm  and the client remained the employer at all times. However, this  method turned

Power & Privilege - Fashioning a plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Power & Privilege - Fashioning a plan - Essay Example The paper "Power & Privilege - Fashioning a plan" is a personal expression of my own belief system along with a strategy for affecting change. I found the articles by these two writers, as well as those of Johnson, to be interesting; but I find myself somewhat critical of their bias. I agree with Peters that â€Å"[s]ystems and institutions that regulate class location are much more powerful than individuals† (Peters 1). There are certainly individuals who work hard and try to improve their lives and situations and are prevented from achieving complete success due to the resistance of the powerful; and social change efforts should be made to address those inequities. I can’t accept, however, that â€Å"everyone deserves what you have; you just happen to have it† or her idea that â€Å"empowered people enrich themselves by leaving exploitative, dehumanizing work to others†. This position implies too much intentionality to what often is random placement with in the socio-economic spectrum or the result of individual choice. As James and Robinson point out, â€Å"there are necessarily differences between people. We all perceive these differences and make judgments about others based on them...† (xv), and this is exactly what Peters does; she makes judgments about those employed in menial jobs from her perspective of upper-middle class privilege. She would never be happy bagging groceries; ergo, no one else can be either. That’s just a little too simplistic. As for Alperovitz, putting his political partisanship aside.... As Schultz notes, "social reformers and activists would be better served by reconsidering how much hope was placed upon working through the courts versus investing more time to win critical victories thorough the political process" (9). The legal system certainly has its place in addressing the suppression of classes of individuals, but the political system is a better tool for social policy. It also has the benefit of being the voice of the people, rather than that of an activist judiciary or single governmental branch. What I have learned. From this course, I have come to a fresh understanding of power and privilege generally, the impact of the misuse of those concepts on the radically disenfranchised, as well as my own place within the dynamic. I don't believe that the positions taken by authors on either extreme are realistic. An individual's plight is not solely the result of his or her own choices, but neither is it necessarily the intentional infliction of harm by a bad system. Certainly, many individuals must shoulder the burden of their own choices and it is far too easy to blame the system for their condition. On the other hand, there really are those people who are neither powerful nor privileged as a result of systemic oppression or neglect. As I look at my own standing in society and the privileges I enjoy, I am aware of those who have more and those who have less. I think that everyone is both privileged and disenfranchised on some level. The distinction for me lies within the individua l circumstances under consideration. The middle-class college student has more inherited privilege than the impoverished gang member, naturally. I am

ERP Implementation and Readiness Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ERP Implementation and Readiness Process - Essay Example tegic plan that provides the context and the reasons for implementing the ERP, it proceeds to the readiness assessment, vendor selection and solution implementation; and ends with the post implementation assessment (Cornelius, 2006). From the above process identified each of those stages involves a lot of issues in order to successfully implement the ERP. The readiness assessment process is the most important stage in the entire process and will predict whether a company will successfully implement the ERP or not. The virgin Atlantic Airways is one such company that has successfully implemented the ERP using the readiness process. The company’s strategic plan advised the implementation of the plan. This is because of the complexities that involved the daily transactions of the company. This forced the management to think of something that could help them achieve their target objectives as well as fulfilling the strategic plan objectives. The company has a lot of stakeholders most of who require information in real time. This led to the introduction of the ERP program to the company in order to integrate all the information and help in quick decision making. A second company that has implemented the ERP program is Kenya Airways in Africa. There strategic plan running for ten years was behind the introduction of the ARP program. To successfully serve its customers and other stakeholders the company thought it best to implement the program by initiating the readiness process before implementing the entire program. To be pride of Africa it had to do something that was not being done by others in the continent and this led to the introduction of the ERP. The readiness process should be considered in the following seven key areas: communication, leadership, Culture, project management, technical, functional and resources and Effort (Higgins, 2006). There are various people who will be involved in the entire project and therefore they all need information on how the

Guide to industrial relations for new union members

Guide to industrial relations for new union members Employee Relations: The guide to industrial relations for new union members 1.1 Aspects of industrial relations. Unitarist-V-Pluralist â€Å"The pressure on Human Resources Management to be strategic is almost as intense now as the campaign to persuade us to eat healthily. We all believe it is a good thing to be strategic- career progressive for ourselves, prestigious for our progression and it might even do our organizations good as well†. (Harriott and Pinder, 1992: pg 36) Pluralistic and Unitary frames of reference are part of the new industrial relations resolution that is there to prevent actions that would result in industrial dispute. Both frames of reference look at the views of employees and how organization deals with them, if they do. Below is a model of Guest (1989), which is also the work of many theorists, which looks at the frames of reference, and how they differ. Unitarist:  ·Traditional unitarist  ·Sophisticated unitarist Pluralist:  ·New industrial relations pluralist  ·Opportunistic pluralist  ·Sophisticated pluralist  ·Traditional pluralist The Unitarists view: this form of reference looks at businesses that believe that the employees should share the same goals as the overall organization. A Pluralist looks at and accepts that employees will not all share the same goals and views as the overall organization. This also affects the presence of Union representative role within the organization, and how they view their roles. For example, Unitarists find it difficult to accept that the Union has such a major role in the organization, but Pluralist welcome the idea of their presence and regard them as an essential role for employees motivation in the workplace. â€Å"Most managers took the line that since they could get what they wanted through negotiations or by acting out unilaterally, there was no need to attack the unions†. (Kessder and Bayliss, 1992, pg. 35) For example IBM and Hewitt Packard have followed the culture side of sophisticated approach of unitarists, where they emphasise the importance of every employee having the same objectives as the company. They also have strong emphasis on having a sophisticated selection process of new employees, along with training and employment involvement. The majority of the employees in their company are non-union. Guest (2001) also describes four possible industrial strategies (orientations) that may be followed: The new realism: This is when a company considers human resource management and industrial relations highly regarded for the company and their employees. An example of this put into practice is by a company called Thorn Lighting, whom state that the new realism is something they strongly believe in: New styles of union given more power Employment is top agenda Emphasis on career and personal development To also continue increasing skills and tools and techniques to support world class initiative. (Thorn Lighting) Traditional collectivism: This is the emphasis being place on industrial relations without HRM. Stakeholders are directly affected by the companies culture and attitude of employee relations; â€Å"the rationale for employee relations is to solve the problem that in a labour market the buyers (employers) and sellers (employees) have an endemic conflict of interests over the prices at which they wish to exchange their services†. (Gennard and Judge (2003)) Employee relations strategy is something that has to work successfully to make the company overall successful. Employees have a vast interest in how the company is performing; for the job security, if the business is not performing as well as it should, will this mean that they would lose their job? Involving employees in some business decision making will allow them to feel that they are important to the company and could increase job motivation and loyalty. This will decrease the need for any industrial actions or union interference. Union members will also have a interest in the business, seeing how 1.2 Union History Kochan (1980) sees industrial relations as emphasizing the study of all aspects of people at work, including all individuals as well as group workers (who may or may not organise into a trade union), the behaviour of employers and union organizations, together with the public policy or legal framework governing employment conditions. The union membership has been rising and then falling over the years, especially with the Margaret Thatcher era, which could be due to the large unions that tried and failed against the government, they included: Miners Steel workers Civil servants Hospital workers And printers The union membership fell from 13million to 12million in 1979, but there were still 300,000 shop stewards and reps, 47 out of 50 top UK companies still were unionized. Striking in 1994 hit an all time low, when only 278,000 days were lost by strike action. The total for the first nine months of 1995 was 238,00; since then Job Centre staff, Merseyside Fire-Fighters, Ford and Vauxhall workers have taken strike action. An unofficial strike action was taken in Scotland by postal workers, which led to victory. â€Å"There are no doubts that people are saying enough is enough and the membership is moving ahead of the trade union leadership† (Ken Cameron-Daily Mail). With the new labour government in 1997, they began to see trade unions as an advantage, which could be used to encourage workplace learning. In May 1998, the union learning funding was created to encourage and provide government funding for ‘innovative trade union projects. This involves the promotion of workplace learning, which 28,000 people have benefited from additional learning opportunities. (In the first four years) In April 2003, legal status was brought in for ‘union learning representatives, which indicated that government believe that training is an important aspect of improvement in employee relations. This would also encourage the bargaining agenda and partnership promotion of between employers and unions. This will economically be important to the government as it will improve the skills of workers, but it will also create harmony in the workplace, therefore preventing industrial action. 1.3+1.4: Roles involved in employee relations Trade unions The aim of trade unions are to give employees job protection, the improvement of pay and conditions, and to also industrial democracy. What do unions do for there members? Negotiate pay and conditions Give advice and information Defend employee rights Resolve conflict Provide services for members I.e. legal help 1998 figures for other union memberships: UNISON: (public services) 1,300,451 TG: (general) 881,357 NUT: (teachers) 172,852 FBU: (firefighters) 56,943 Source: Labour Research Grouped union types: Craft and occupational unions: White collar unions: this union is for employed in a professional environment e.g. office based. Blue collar unions: these workers are involved in manual employment General unions: this union is specific to those that are not already in a union, but do not have a craft or skill Industrial unions: industrial unions organise their own unions that are specific to their industry. Trades unions can be organized on the basis of occupation, industry or make-up a general union with different groups of unions join. Representatives are elected at the workplace, with discussions with management, which are then linked with regional and national level union structure and services. Regional and national level unions focus mainly on negotiating with employers over pay and conditions. Nationally, some unions may join together to form one or more national unions e.g. Trade Union Congress (TUC). TUC: The TUC is a national trade union centre, a collaboration of trade unions in the UK. They have union representatives of over six and a half million working people, whilst campaigning for a fair deal at work and for social justice home and abroad. The TUC is highly regarded and recognized as the voice of Britain. The TUC is the largest voluntary organization in Britain, whom have 76 members of unions that campaign for the workers; Fairness Decent standards of working environment Health and safety Equal opportunities However, the TUC is not seen as highly powered, as individual unions are not bound by the decisions that the TUC make. Their main activities of the TUC is to: Pressure and influence government policy, that includes labour and union issues They also make the decisions for members of the unions on rules and legislation, however they do not interfere with the day-to-day running of individual unions. The confederation of British Industry (CBI) was formed in 1965, though similar to the TUC, it differs as the voices of the employees are heard, not the voices of the union members. Members of the CBI are from: Private sector industries Service and commercial enterprise Public sector Employers association Trade association And Chambers of Commerce. They have regional offices that help to deal with local and area issues, which enables them to keep in touch with small businesses and local employers, to resolve any issues that they may have. Like the TUC, they also attempt to influence government decision making Provides legal, financial and economical advice to all of their members Has links in Europe, for the interest of the British industry in the European union They also consult with bodies such as ACAS, in association with the TUC also. Employee representatives act as the main voice for the employees, which includes the process of collective bargaining/negotiation. Being a rep is on a voluntary basis and are elected by the employees that they will represent. Employee reps can make improvement to employee relations, as they are able to be the main voice towards the management for the employees. This could help improve the harmony of the workplace, and could disrupt any dispute that could happen in the near future, due to good communication and sound negotiating. This will then begin to create a trusting relationship, especially between line managers and employees, as any grievance will be dealt with through the help of their rep. Employers are seeing the benefits of active employees in the union, which has a direct impact on employee relations. Employees will improve their people relations and competency skills, which would therefore improve their efficiency and improve overall job satisfaction, communication and motivation within the work place. As issues will be resolved through the increased communication, then it is likely that employees will have the motivation and satisfaction to work to the best of their abilities. The direct impact of de-motivated employees are low production, which means low profit and it will have a domino affect on the other stakeholders that have an interest in the business too. Line managers also have a direct affect on the sufficient running of the work floor and can affect the attitudes of the workers. Communication is key to the relationship between line managers and employees, this brings the importance of how the rep can make the difference to the working environment. Collective disputes: Strike actions: this involves a complete stoppage of work by the union members employees due to their grievances being unresolved from unsuccessful bargaining. Strikes are taken up on by labour unions during the collective bargaining process. When the collective bargaining negotiations breakdown, strike action is usually taken as the last resort. This is due to both parties unable to reach an agreement. Government intervention has always been highly regarded to the governments overall party, as industrial disputes can have a damaging affect on the economy. Currently the government funds a number of bodies that can resolve any future industrial disputes that may occur. They fund the ACAS scheme, which was set up in 1974 and was given statutory rights under the Employment Protection Act 1975. ACAS attempt to resolve any disputes before further action is taken by the union. â€Å"The current ACAS, originally called the Conciliation and Arbitration Service, was set up with an independent council to direct it in 1974. Advisory was added to the name in 1975 to reflect the full range of services on offer. Finally, in 1976, the new organisation was put on a statutory footing and receives its funding through the Department of Trade and Industry†. (Derek Torrington-2005) Advantages of using ACAS in a dispute: Results can be quick, it day take less than a day to resolve the dispute Can be a cost-efficient method Flexible for the organization Opportunities for appeal are very limited Legal representatives are not required, so this method is very cost affective Services that ACAS provide: Industrial disputes: ACAS will intervene in its conciliation duties if an industrial dispute takes place, with the request of union group members or management. Arbitration: this is where both parties put their case forward, so ACAS can assess each case and then recommends any decisions that could be made Advisory work: ACAS carry out advisory work with employers, trade unions and employers association. Code of practice: ACAS issue a code of practice, which advises how to improve industrial relations between employers and employees. Enquiries: ACAS are well informed and publish booklets on labour turnover and appraisal systems etc, to help improve industrial relations and personnel management practice. Individual cases: ACAS individually investigates an employee grievance from unfair dismissal to discrimination. Tribunals: ACAS overall aim is to settle any matter of grievance without using the courts as a method. The central arbitration committee: If agreements cannot be reached, then employees have the option of the Central arbitration Committee (CAC), which is a government body which is designed to assist with union queries. The committee first encourage the union to try and resolve the issue first hand. If this fails then the committee will recognize this and union could then hold a ballot. The CAC have the power to instruct the employer to co-operate with the ballot or risk a fine. Example of resolving a dispute: ITV have set ways to help communicate with their employees approach to dispute and have procedures put in place to avoid conflict. ITV uses a wide range of direct communication methods to engage with individual employees. ITVs intranet, known as Watercooler, provides a daily online update on news affecting ITV directly and theres a weekly Watercooler for employees who are not online. Other methods of communication includes the 60-second update-produced monthly by central communications and setting out whats going on in the business. This includes individual development reviews, briefing meetings, workshops and using individual relationships with the line manager. This is then monitored to see if this affected through employee surveys. The company also engages in collective bargaining through elected representatives because the union represents only 15 percent of their workforce. ITV need to consult employees regularly as the scale of changes within the organization, they have around 15 communication groups located in different businesses. The aim of this is to reassure that the employees feel respected and that their interests are of an importance. However, management rarely deliver engagement towards the employees, so they put the emphasis on line managers and HR policies and affective communication to allow the employees to be engaged in company activity. When disputes surface they use the collective bargaining and elected representatives to deal with the disputes- along with the union members. The process is: This way of resolving conflict is positive as it allows the employees to have a large amount of communication forwarded and towards the management. However, there seems to be a large amount of responsibility to be the employees main spokesman, which cold be negative for employees if line managers communication is poor. Collective bargaining: Collective bargaining is a process in which employers work with the employees trade union and work councils to negotiate issues that are unsettling the employees. Usually most employees bargain on a day-to-day basis, which involves communication between the line manager on a regular basis. Whos involved in collective bargaining? Collective bargaining is not as commonly used as it once was, according to Cully (1999), only 41 percent now use this method of negotiating the employees terms and conditions. Eastern Europe and the Scandinavian countries still commonly use the collective bargaining process as a way to negotiate employees conditions. The union members and representatives bring into the negotiating argument of rising house prices and cost of living to negotiate their pay terms. Whilst management make negotiations from examples of the labour market rates. Both have to be consider in how it will affect the companies costs and the future affects. Source: Tim Hannogan- management, concept and practices. (1998) John Goodman (1984) describes collective bargaining as ‘a process through which representatives of employers and employee organization act as the joint creators of substantive and procedural rules regulating employment. The negotiation process will depend on the culture of the business I.e. pluralist-V-unitarist. Open and clear communication and preparation will allow the possibilities of conflict to be dissolved and relations with employees with employers will be improved. Preparation for the negotiation process: Drawing up the plan of what they hope to achieve, with objectives of the negotiation, which then is approved by the appropriate management Investigating what the grievances the employees have, letting everyone have a view, so the negotiations and objectives are clear Looking at the current collective bargaining agreements that already exists within the company Looking at how the employees would benefit from the suggested improvements e.g. increased salary Looking at the cost implications of proposed improvements According to an American study carried out, skills of negotiation are carried out with specific requirements for the negotiators taken on the bargaining: Being rated both highly in a negotiation Having the appropriate track record of negotiation success Having a low record of unsuccessful negotiations Strategy of negotiation It is important that the process is taken on board and planning is the main part, if there is going to be a successful negotiation. Planning the negotiation will look at the alternative outcomes, giving them a range of options if they cannot agree on specific issues. I believe that it is important that negotiators do not focus on one point, not forgetting other issues that need resolving. Also the planning of the future is very important when negotiation, looking at the short-term and long-term implications. It is also important that both representatives agree with their objectives and allocate roles to suit their strengths. Looking at what the other party might suggest and looking at ways to not give-up on what the overall original objectives were. Possible outcomes: Employee relations -V- industrial relations, difference? Industrial relations have become a term that is used based upon strike action and disputes in the work place. However, the new term employee relations, sets about to bring a more harmonized work force, whom have more communication

Bad Apples Essay -- English Literature Essays

Bad Apples "A Poison Tree" by William Blake is a short poem about life in general. The poem teaches its readers a valuable lesson about anger. Anger has power over ones’ mind and actions. If a person holds in their feelings, especially anger, it can pull that person down emotionally as evident in the poem "A Poison Tree". This poem written by William Blake describes the darker emotions such as anger, hatred and Schadenfreude. The poem refers to "apple bright" in the garden which may lead readers to infer a Biblical reference to the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Man, inflicting death upon his foe, is more cruel than the God of Genesis who banished the sinners from paradise. Paradise is a place that God created for Adam and Eve at the beginning of time. The fruit mentioned in the Bible is that of a forbidden tree whose mortal taste brought death into the world and all our woe. The poem mainly deals with anger. The beginning of the poem begins by depicting a scenario in which a man told his friend he was angry with him, yet they were able to work out their differences and resolve the issue. His anger dissipated shortly afterwards, and the friendship continued to grow like a seedling soon becomes a tree with strong roots. Blake was also angry at his enemy, but Blake could not do the same as he did with his friend. He keeps his anger secret from his enemy. Blake made a mistake by not allowing his anger to escape. His anger grew both day and night. H...